Norham Castle...

Probably not as familiar to you as many other English castles, Norham Castle was actually very important historically.  Overlooking the River Tweed on the border between England and Scotland, it was one of the strongest border castles, and was attacked by the Scots more than any other.

Built in the 1120's, in order to to protect Northumberland from Scottish attacks, it was first captured by the Scots in 1136.  It was soon handed back, but was recaptured in 1138.  Badly damaged, it remained derelict for many years.  After being rebuilt - and attacked several more times - Norham Castle was again badly damaged in 1513.

Again, the castle was restored.  By the end of the 16th century, Scottish attacks were at an end, and the garrison drastically reduced.  As a result, the castle fell into a state of disrepair and neglect.

Today, it remains partly-ruined, and is a popular tourist attraction.

Norham Castle by shirokazan is licensed under CC BY 2.0

Norham Castle was the subject of a poem by Sir Walter Scott (1771-1832).

Norham Castle

St. George's banner. broad and gay,
Now faded, as the fading ray.
Less bright, and less, was flung;
The evening gale had scarce the power
To wave it on the donjon tower,
So heavily it hung.
The scouts had parted on their search,
The castle gates were barred;
Above the gloomy portal arch,
Timing his footsteps to a march,
The warder kept his guard;
Low humming, as he paced along,
Some ancient border gathering-song.